How Can I Prevent Swimmer’s Ear?

An ear, nose and throat specialist shares tips to prevent ear infections during swim season.

Swimmer’s ear is one of the most common ear problems doctors see during the summer months, but it can happen at any time of year, especially for people who frequently swim or surf. According to otolaryngologist Joni Doherty, MD, it’s something she treats frequently, often encountering multiple cases a day at the USC Caruso Department of Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery, part of Keck Medicine of USC. 

Swimmer’s ear, also known as otitis externa, is an infection of the outer ear canal. While it’s often associated with swimming pools, it can develop anytime moisture becomes trapped in the ear and creates an environment where bacteria or yeast can grow.

What causes swimmer’s ear?  

Swimmer’s ear typically develops when excess moisture remains in the ear canal after swimming or water exposure, Dr. Doherty explains. This moisture allows bacteria —most commonly Pseudomonas aeruginosa — to grow and lead to infection. 

“Any type of water exposure can contribute,” she notes, including pools, oceans, lakes, hot tubs and even repeated showering. People who swim frequently or spend extended time in the water are especially at risk because of ongoing moisture exposure. 

However, water is only part of the equation. Dr. Doherty emphasizes that mechanical irritation of the ear canal is another major contributor. Using cotton swabs (Q-tips), earbuds or other objects can cause tiny abrasions in the delicate skin of the ear canal. These micro-injuries make it easier for bacteria to enter and cause infection. 

Early symptoms to watch for

One of the earliest and most common signs of swimmer’s ear is pain, which is often sharp and persistent and can sometimes get worse when the outer ear is touched or pulled. Itching inside the ear can also be an early symptom and may suggest a fungal or yeast-related infection. 

As the condition progresses, patients may notice the feeling of ear fullness, drainage or decreased hearing. Because symptoms can escalate quickly, early recognition is key to preventing more severe infection. 

How to prevent swimmer’s ear 

The most effective prevention strategy is keeping the ear canal dry. After swimming or water exposure, Dr. Doherty recommends using alcohol-based ear drops, which are available over the counter. These drops help evaporate trapped water and reduce moisture in the ear canal. 

If drops aren’t available, simple techniques can also help. Tilting the head side to side or gently shaking the ear can help release trapped water. “Another option is to use a small piece of tissue twisted into a point to gently wick moisture out of the outer ear,” Dr. Doherty says. “A hair dryer on a low or cool setting can also be helpful. Holding it several inches from the ear while gently pulling the ear backward allows airflow to dry out residual moisture.” This technique is especially useful for frequent swimmers and surfers or for parents to use on their children, she notes. 

What to avoid 

Dr. Doherty strongly advises against using cotton swabs or inserting any objects into the ear canal. While many people believe Q-tips help clean or dry the ear, they often do the opposite. 

“The skin in the ear canal is extremely thin and delicate,” she says. “Even small abrasions from Q-tips can create entry points for infection.” 

She also notes that some over-the-counter “ear cleaning” devices or tools marketed online are unnecessary and potentially harmful. In most cases, the ear is self-cleaning and does not require internal cleaning. 

Do swim caps or earplugs help prevent swimmer’s ear?

 Swim caps and earplugs can be helpful in certain situations. Swim caps may reduce water exposure overall, while earplugs can be effective for preventing water from getting into the ear, especially in people who have ear tubes or recurrent infections.

However, Dr. Doherty cautions that earplugs must be used properly. If inserted too aggressively, they can irritate the ear canal and actually increase infection risk. Proper fit and gentle use are essential.

How to treat swimmer’s ear and when to seek a doctor 

If swimmer’s ear develops, treatment typically involves prescription antibiotic ear drops. In more severe cases, an ear, nose and throat specialist may need to gently clean the ear canal under a microscope to remove debris or discharge before medication is applied, Dr. Doherty says. 

You should seek medical attention if pain is persistent, worsening or accompanied by drainage or hearing changes. Early treatment not only relieves symptoms faster but also helps prevent complications.  

“Swimmer’s ear is common but easy to prevent,” Dr. Doherty says. “Small daily habits can make a major difference in protecting ear health, especially for frequent swimmers.” 

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Mollie Barnes

Mollie Barnes is a senior digital editor and writer for Keck Medicine of USC.

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